1872 – The Great Boston fire destroys close to 1,000 buildings.
1904 – First airplane flight to last more than 5 minutes.
1925 – Robert A. Millikan confirms the existence of cosmic rays from outer space in a speech to the National Academy of Sciences at Madison, Wisconsin.
1930 – First nonstop airplane flight from New York to Panama by Captain Roy W. Ammel in the Lockheed Explorer Monoplane “Blue Flash.”
1932 – Hurricane storm wave sweeps over Santa Cruz del Sur, Cuba and kills 2,500 people.
1937 – St Louis Cardinals’ Triple Crown winner Joe Medwick is named National League Most Valuable Player.
1944 – Red Cross wins Nobel peace prize.
1953 – Supreme Court rules Major League baseball exempt from anti-trust laws.
1956 – Lou Thesz beats Whipper Billy Watson in St Louis to become National Wrestling Alliance champion.
1961 – The Professional Golfers’ Association of America (PGA) eliminates caucasians-only rule.
1965 – San Francisco Giants outfielder Willie Mays named National League Most Valuable Player.
1969 – “Bridge over Troubled Water” single recorded by Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel.
1984 – Vietnam Veterans Memorial (“3 Servicemen”) completed in Washington, D.C.
1989 – East Berlin opens its borders to Checkpoint Charlie when thousands arrive after a bureaucratic error announced that restrictions on travel to the West have been lifted.
1998 – Brokerage houses are ordered to pay $1.03 billion to NASDAQ investors to compensate for price-fixing, the largest civil settlement in United States history.
2008 – Tennis star Venus Williams wins her first career year-ending title, beating Vera Zvonareva 6-7, 6-0, 6-2 in the Women’s Tennis Association Tour Championship final at Doha, Qatar.
2014 – Top African business leaders establish an emergency fund to help countries hit by the Ebola outbreak.
2017 – Alabama Republican Senate candidate Roy Moore accused of sexual misconduct with teenage girls in a Washington Post report.
2020 – The year becomes the busiest Atlantic hurricane season ever as tropical storm Theta named record 29th storm.
2022 – Caitlin Clark makes her sophomore season debut with 26 points, eight rebounds, and six assists for Iowa against New Hampshire.