1832 – John C. Calhoun becomes first vice president to resign. He left office because of differences with President Andrew Jackson.
1869 – William Finley Semple of Mount Vernon, Ohio, patents chewing gum.
1902 – Trans-Pacific cable links Hawaii to the United States.
1926 – Imperial Airways begins England to India mail and passenger service.
1935 – Works Progress Administration Federal Art Project Gallery opens in New York City.
1942 – Robert Sullivan becomes first pilot to fly Atlantic Ocean 100 times.
1945 – Congress officially recognizes “Pledge of Allegiance.”
1949 – 20th Century Fox announces it will produce TV programs.
1958 – “The Greatest Game Ever Played”: Baltimore Colts win the 26th NFL championship against the New York Giants 23-17 at Yankee Stadium in the first sudden-death overtime game in National Football League history. 17 future members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame were involved in the game.
1963 – Merle Haggard’s first appearance on country music chart with “Sing a Sad Song.”
1969 – Neil Simon’s play “Last of the Red Hot Lovers” premieres in New York City.
1973 – President Richard Nixon signs Endangered Species Act into law.
1981 – Warner-Elektra-Atlantic raises price of 45 rpm records from $1.68 to $1.98.
1990 – Blockbuster Bowl 1: Florida State beats Penn State 24-17.
2000 – Retail giant Montgomery Ward announces it is going out of business after 128 years.
2002 – LinkedIn is founded by Reid Hoffman and others in Mountain View, California.
2012 – Vladimir Putin signs into law a ban on United States adoption of Russian children.
2019 – 49th Fiesta Bowl (College Football Playoff semifinal): #3 Clemson beats #2 Ohio State 29-23.
2019 – 52nd Peach Bowl (College Football Playoff semifinal): #1 LSU beats #4 Oklahoma 63-28.
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